For example, the liver is situated in the right upper quadrant and the stomach is situated in the left upper quadrant. Each kidney is located in the lower right and left quadrant respectively.

Anatomically speaking, the body has illusive lines that divide the body’s organs for optimal viewing, and these divisions are called planes. Planes are further divided into particular areas of the body. For instance, the transverse plane is located from the top of the head to the feet. The transverse plane is often called a cross section. The frontal plane is horizontal to the longitude alignment. This plane divides the body’s frontal portion from the hind portion.

There is also the vertical sagittal plane that is located in the middle of the body. The vertical sagittal plane divides the body in half exposing the left and right sections. The type of plane that is chosen depends on the area of the body and the best angle to view that area.

Anatomical directions, planes, and motions

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The “anatomical position” is a standard body posture that the anatomical reference is based on. To achieve the “anatomical position” the body must stand up straight with a small gap in between the feet. The arms are hanging straight down with the palm of the hands facing outwards. When describing the position of a body part in correlation to another body part “directional terminology” would be used.
Regional terminology is used when describing specific areas and parts of the body.

WEEK 2: Chemistry. Cells and tissues.

WEEK 3: Cells and tissues. Integumentary system.

WEEK 4: Integumentary system. Skeletal system.

WEEK 5: Skeletal system.

WEEK 6: Muscular system.

WEEK 7: Muscular system. Nervous system.

WEEK 8: Nervous system. Revision.

WEEK 9: Assessment (3hr)

By dynamically controlling negative and positive feedback systems the body adjusts in response to stimuli retaining the appropriate equilibrium and achieving the physiological balance required for survival.

Without homeostatic equilibrium systems are at risk for illness or disease. Most homeostatic feedback systems in the human body are classified as negative. Negative mechanisms respond to stimuli in small continuous adjustments and are self-limiting and short-term meaning they do not provide an incremental effect.

Conversely, positive mechanisms have a longer ion duration and provide an ongoing effect which can result in increased strength of the stimuli. This ongoing response can cause greater imbalance if not properly managed. Fortunately, there are few positive mechanisms in human homeostasis.

Both positive and negative feedback mechanisms are essential for continued health and wellbeing. Together they provide an integrated and adaptive environment to create physiological stability.

• metabolism – the sum of chemical processes in the body
• responsiveness – ability to detect, reacting and respond
• movement – body motion &  motion within body (blood circulation, digesting food, eliminating waste…)
• differentiation – cell development to a specialised state
• growth – increase in cells and body size (structure bones, organs…)
• reproduction – replacement of cells for tissue use / production of new individual (pregnancy / fertility)

• Muscular

• Skeletal

• Nervous

• Endocrine

• CardioVascular

• Respiratory

• Digestive

• Lymphatic/Immune

• Excretory

• Reproductive

1. chemical level – atoms combine to form molecule (water, sugar…) combine in specific ways to form
2. cells – the smallest units of all living things
3. tissues - consists of groups of similar cells that have a common function
4. organs – structure that is composed of two or more tissue types;  performs a specific function for the body
5. organ system – group of organs that co-operate to accomplish common purpose
6. organism – 11 organ systems make up the body organism